As a hazardous chemical process that is subject to key supervision, nitration reaction has significant safety hazards. Nitrating agents are strong oxidants that easily generate a lot of heat during the reaction, which may lead to explosion accidents if not properly controlled. In addition, most nitration products are flammable and unstable, which further increases the operational risks. At present, microchannel reactor is widely used, but annular centrifugal extractor (ACE) as a new type of process intensification equipment have also begun to attract attention. The annular centrifugal extractor is an equipment that includes a mixing zone and a separation zone and is suitable for reactive extraction processes. It has been widely used in polymers, pharmaceuticals, nuclear fuels and other fields.
Annular Centrifugal Extractor Experiment
1.Experimental design and conditions
Currently, the ACE unit is used as a reactor and an online separator. Experiments conduct at different material ratios (1:1 to 1:3.5), phase ratios (10:90 to 90:10), rotation speeds and fluxes (2 to 20 ml/min) and compared with the results of a tubular flow reactor and a conventional batch reactor. The experiments aim to discuss the economic and safety significance of the selected exothermic nitration reaction.
2.Determination of fluid dynamics parameters
First, the hydrodynamic parameters of ACE at different fluxes and phase ratios, including pressure drop, residence time distribution, heat transfer coefficient and mass transfer coefficient, are determined using model fluids water and ethylene dichloride (EDC). EDC is also used as a solvent in the reaction. The extraction efficiency is determined within the above selected parameter range. The reaction carries out under the optimized process conditions, and the extraction efficiency is high at a certain extraction amount.
3.Results Analysis
The experimental results show that the annular centrifugal extractor produces high shear forces and good separation efficiency in the mixing zone, making it an ideal reactor and separator. For two-phase reactions, effective mixing is required at particularly high fluxes, and the annular centrifugal extractor can better meet this demand. Highly exothermic, multiphase nitration reactions require very good mixing to obtain good yields, and ACE has a high separation efficiency and can be used to separate the two phases after the reaction without the need for an additional separator.
Application Prospects of Annular Centrifugal Extractor
- Mixing and separation performance
The high shear force and excellent separation efficiency generated by the annular centrifugal extractor in the mixing zone make it an efficient reactor and separator. ACE performs well for two-phase reactions, especially those that require effective mixing at high throughput. This gives it a clear advantage in dealing with highly exothermic, multiphase nitration reactions. - Safety and economic benefits
Due to the high risk of nitration reactions, the use of an annular centrifugal extractor can significantly improve the safety of the reaction. Its efficient separation function reduces the need for subsequent separation steps, reducing operational complexity and costs. At the same time, ACE's continuous operation mode improves production efficiency, reduces energy consumption and waste liquid emissions, and has significant economic and environmental benefits. - Market potential
The excellent performance of the annular centrifugal extractor in two-phase reactions provides a solid foundation for its wide application in the industrial field. Especially in dealing with highly exothermic, multiphase nitration reactions, ACE can not only improve the reaction yield, but also ensure the safety and stability of the operation. Therefore, ACE has broad market potential and deserves further research and promotion.
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